The original garden occupied an area of approximately two hectares (five acres) and was designed by Andrea Moroni, an architect from Bergamo. At its center is the Hortus cinctus or Hortus sphairicus (circular garden), which represented a “paradise world” surrounded by a ring of water that represented the ocean. In the early 19th century, Jean Gesner, a Swiss physician and botanist, noted that by the end of the 18th century there were 1,600 botanical gardens in Europe. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the science of botany took shape, and many of the important botanists of the time were directors of the botanical gardens of their time.
Since then, the classical botanical garden, as a teaching and medicinal garden, has been replaced by gardens dedicated mainly to the cultivation of plants and the exhibition of ornamental plants and groups of plants of special interest. The treatises indicate that the main purpose of the botanical garden was to serve the science of botany, the study of plants. The collection and organization of living plants that grew in a garden provided a living laboratory for observer experimentation. To promote study, botanical gardens were generally organized according to a classification system that created groupings of plants based on certain scientific principles; in general, in the pre-war United States, the natural systems of taxonomic nomenclature of Linnaeus and Jussieu were used.
The botanical garden, as a type of garden, was encouraged and stimulated by the transatlantic exchange of information and botanical material. The most famous of them with highly respected collections are the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Yalta, founded in 1812, M. They carried out a knowledge exchange on plants and botanists involving an international network of plant collectors and botanists. Ibn Bassal then founded a garden in Seville, and most of his plants were collected on a botanical expedition that included Morocco, Persia, Sicily and Egypt.
Other botanical gardens in the country include the Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, the Harold Porter National Botanical Garden and the Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden. Botanical gardens began to serve many interests and their exhibitions reflected this, often including botanical exhibitions on topics of evolution, ecology or taxonomy, horticultural displays of attractive flower beds and herbaceous borders, plants from different parts of the world, special collections of plants groups such as bamboos or roses, and specialized greenhouse collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, cacti and orchids, as well as traditional herbal and medicinal plant gardens. The garden received 2,000 to 3,000 seed samples and 200-300 new plant species for its own inventory. In modern times, most botanical gardens are mainly concerned with displaying ornamental plants, as far as possible, in a scheme that emphasizes natural relationships.
Among the smallest gardens in Russia, one that is gaining increasing importance, is the Botanical Garden of Tver State University (187), the northernmost botanical garden with an exhibition of steppe plants, the only one of its kind in the Upper Volga. As with everything that can benefit from the enormous spatial dimensions typical of the United States, the botanical gardens that were created there became pioneers. The Parmentier Botanical and Horticultural Garden was famous for presenting a scientific collection in the most modern style and with great taste. More recently, coordination was also carried out by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), which has the mission of mobilizing botanical gardens and involving partners to ensure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet.
In the 17th century, botanical gardens began their contribution to a deeper scientific curiosity about plants. According to Link, the botanical garden was the best source of learning, superior to others because it stood out among the range of diverse non-verbal media characteristic of classical botany. The import of rubber trees to the Singapore Botanical Garden started the Malay Peninsula's important rubber industry. .
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